The last pharaoh of Egypt was Cleopatra VII, who reigned from 51 BC until her death in 30 BC. Cleopatra is often remembered for her intelligence and political alliances, particularly with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Her reign marked the end of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Hellenistic period in Egypt. After her defeat by Octavian (later Augustus), she committed suicide, leading to Egypt's annexation by Rome. Cleopatra's legacy endures in literature, art, and popular culture, symbolizing the dramatic interplay of romance, power, and tragedy in ancient history, making her one of history's most fascinating figures.