The major outcome of the Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, was the establishment of a new system of political order in Europe based on the principles of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. This treaty, which ended the Thirty Years War and other conflicts, recognized the right of individual states to govern themselves without external interference. It marked a shift towards a modern nation-state system and the promotion of diplomacy as a means to resolve conflicts. The Peace of Westphalia laid the groundwork for contemporary international law and is seen as a pivotal moment in the development of modern political and diplomatic relations.