The major impact of the Industrial Revolution on cities was the rapid urbanization as people migrated from rural areas to urban centers seeking employment in factories. This transition led to the explosive growth of cities, which often struggled to provide adequate housing, sanitation, and infrastructure. The concentration of labor in urban areas facilitated innovations, economic growth, and technological advancements. However, it also resulted in overcrowding, pollution, and poor living conditions for many workers. This period emphasized the need for urban planning and led to social reforms aimed at improving living and working conditions in industrialized societies.