The major development in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries characterized by the spread of art and culture is known as the Renaissance. This period marked a profound revival in interest in the classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome, stimulating advancements in art, science, and philosophy. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo revolutionized visual art with techniques such as realism and perspective, while thinkers like Erasmus and Machiavelli influenced political thought. Humanism emerged as a dominant philosophical approach, emphasizing the value of individual experience and reason. The Renaissance laid the foundation for the modern world, impacting education, literature, and international exploration.