The fall of the Roman Empire resulted in significant consequences for Europe, including the onset of the Middle Ages, often referred to as the Dark Ages. This period was marked by widespread political instability, fragmentation of authority, and the decline of urban centers, leading to a predominantly agrarian society. The collapse disrupted trade networks and led to reduced literacy and cultural output. Furthermore, it facilitated the rise of feudalism as local lords gained power in the absence of a centralized government. This decentralized political structure profoundly influenced European social hierarchies and governance for centuries.