The main product of the Columbian Exchange was a wide array of crops and livestock that transformed agriculture and diets across both the Old and New Worlds. Key crops introduced to Europe included potatoes, maize, and tomatoes, which significantly impacted European food systems and population growth. Conversely, Europeans introduced wheat, rice, and horses to the Americas. This exchange of goods created new culinary traditions and significantly influenced economic and social structures. However, the Columbian Exchange also had negative effects, including the spread of diseases that devastated Indigenous populations in the Americas, highlighting both the transformative and tragic aspects of this historical interaction.