The main impact of the publication of “The Origin of Species” by Charles Darwin in 1859 was the introduction of the theory of evolution through natural selection. This groundbreaking work challenged established beliefs about the origin of species and their development over time. Darwin's ideas proposed that species adapt and evolve through a process driven by environmental pressures and survival of the fittest. The book sparked intense debate in scientific, religious, and social circles. It fundamentally changed the understanding of biology, laying the foundation for modern evolutionary theory and influencing various fields, including genetics, ecology, and anthropology.