The main focus of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries was the advancement of scientific inquiry and the challenge to traditional knowledge. Key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton reshaped our understanding of the natural world through empirical observation, mathematical reasoning, and experimentation. This period saw the shift from a geocentric worldview to a heliocentric one and laid the groundwork for modern physics and astronomy. The Scientific Revolution also emphasized the importance of the scientific method and rational thought, ultimately contributing to the Enlightenment and significantly influencing subsequent advancements in various scientific fields.