The main focus of the Protestant Reformation was to address and reform perceived corruptions within the Catholic Church. Initiated by figures like Martin Luther in the early 16th century, the Reformation challenged practices such as the sale of indulgences and sought to return to a more scriptural foundation for Christian faith. Luther’s 95 Theses, posted in 1517, articulated the need for change and sparked widespread debate. The movement fragmented Western Christianity and led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations, emphasizing personal faith, direct access to scripture, and salvation through faith alone, significantly reshaping religious and cultural landscapes in Europe.