The anti-apartheid movement in South Africa primarily focused on ending racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the apartheid regime. This system institutionalized racial inequalities, depriving the majority black population of basic rights and freedoms. The movement gained momentum in the 20th century, with significant figures like Nelson Mandela emerging as leaders. Activists employed various strategies, including protests, strikes, and international advocacy, to draw attention to the injustices. Ultimately, the movement sought to establish a democratic society where all individuals, regardless of their race, could enjoy equal rights and opportunities. The struggle culminated in the dismantling of apartheid in the early 1990s.