The main economic cause of the French Revolution was widespread financial distress stemming from government debt, high taxation, and rising food prices. By the late 18th century, France faced financial crises due to costly wars, including the American Revolutionary War, and extravagant spending by the monarchy. Additionally, the taxation system disproportionately affected the lower classes while exempting the nobility and clergy. As food scarcity and economic inequality heightened social unrest, the populace sought to reform the financial system. This situation led to widespread demands for change, ultimately culminating in the revolution and the establishment of a republic.