The main driving force behind European colonial expansion in the 19th century was a combination of economic interests, nationalism, and a desire for political power. Industrialization created a demand for raw materials and new markets, prompting European nations to seek resources from Africa and Asia. Nationalistic fervor fueled the belief in the superiority of European civilization, often justifying colonial rule as a civilizing mission. Additionally, competition among European powers to expand their empires and maintain global influence led to aggressive colonization practices. This expansion significantly impacted global trade, indigenous cultures, and international relations.