The main characteristic of the Renaissance period in Europe was a renewed emphasis on humanism, which focused on the potential and achievements of individuals. This shift involved a revival of classical knowledge from Ancient Greece and Rome, leading to advances in art, literature, and science. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael exemplified the period's ideals through their focus on realism, perspective, and human emotion. Additionally, innovations in technology, such as the printing press, enabled the widespread dissemination of ideas, fueling intellectual discourse and contributing to the cultural flourishing associated with the Renaissance.