The main cause of the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748) between Britain and Spain was the ongoing territorial and economic disputes stemming from British trade interests in the Caribbean and South America. The conflict was sparked when British captain Robert Jenkins allegedly had his ear cut off by Spanish officials while attempting to board a ship to enforce trade regulations. This incident inflamed tensions and fueled public outrage in Britain, leading to calls for military action. The war resulted in limited territorial gains for Britain but reflected the broader conflicts of colonial ambitions between European powers during the 18th century.