The key idea behind the social contract theory is the notion that individuals consent, either explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms to an authority in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. Prominent philosophers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau articulated different perspectives, influencing the formation of modern governments. This theory underpins the legitimacy of political authority, shaping democratic principles and prompting discussions on individual rights and state power.