The industrial innovation that revolutionized textile manufacturing in the late 18th century was the spinning jenny. Invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, this multi-spindle spinning frame allowed a single worker to spin multiple threads simultaneously, dramatically increasing efficiency in textile production. The spinning jenny was pivotal in the transition from hand production methods to mechanized factories during the Industrial Revolution. Its introduction not only accelerated the production of yarn but also significantly reduced labor costs, contributing to the growth of the textile industry in Britain and subsequently around the world, shaping economic and social structures.