The printing revolution, initiated by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, drastically transformed European society. The introduction of the printing press made books more accessible and affordable, fostering literacy among the general populace. This democratization of knowledge facilitated the spread of ideas during the Renaissance and Reformation, challenging the monopoly of the Church on information. It played a crucial role in propagating religious texts, scientific discoveries, and literature, ultimately leading to significant social, political, and cultural changes throughout Europe, including the rise of individualism and secularism.