The invention of the printing press in the 15th century had a transformative impact on European society. Initially developed by Johannes Gutenberg, the printing press revolutionized the production of books, making them more accessible and affordable. This democratization of knowledge facilitated the spread of ideas, contributing to the Renaissance, Reformation, and the Enlightenment. The ability to mass-produce text allowed for the rapid dissemination of new religious doctrines, scientific discoveries, and literary works, which challenged traditional authority and encouraged critical thinking. Overall, the printing press played a crucial role in shaping modern literacy and the flow of information.