The impact of the introduction of firearms on medieval warfare was transformative. The advent of gunpowder weapons, particularly cannons and handguns, changed the dynamics of battles and fortified defenses. Fortresses became vulnerable as artillery could breach previously impregnable walls, leading to the evolution of military architecture. The use of firearms also altered troop formations and strategies, with infantry becoming more crucial as they equipped themselves with guns. This shift diminished the dominance of traditional knight-centric combat, marking the beginning of a new era in warfare characterized by greater reliance on technology and gunpowder.