The Gorbachev Era (1985-1991) had a transformative impact on the Soviet Union, introducing significant reforms that ultimately led to its dissolution. Gorbachev implemented policies such as "glasnost" (openness), which promoted transparency and freedom of expression, and "perestroika" (restructuring), aimed at revitalizing the economy through market-oriented reforms. These changes weakened the Soviet control over Eastern Europe, leading to the fall of communist regimes across the region. Gorbachev’s reforms fostered a spirit of reform and independence, contributing to the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and ushering in a new era of Russian governance and international relations.