The impact of colonialism on indigenous populations worldwide was profound, resulting in the displacement of communities, introduction of diseases, and significant cultural erosion. Indigenous peoples faced violence, loss of lands, and forced assimilation. Colonial powers exploited natural resources and imposed foreign governance, leading to long-term socioeconomic disparities. These transformations often disrupted traditional ways of life, contributing to the decline of many indigenous cultures. In some cases, resistance movements emerged, which played a crucial role in shaping future independence movements. Overall, the consequences of colonialism are still evident, impacting contemporary indigenous rights and identities.