Colonialism had a devastating impact on indigenous populations in North America, leading to significant cultural, social, and demographic changes. European colonizers often displaced Native American tribes from their ancestral lands through treaties, warfare, and forced removals, drastically reducing their populations due to violence, disease, and loss of habitat. Traditional ways of life were disrupted, and indigenous cultures faced assimilation pressures. The imposition of European governance and economic systems further marginalized these communities, resulting in long-lasting repercussions that continue to affect indigenous peoples today. The consequences of colonialism are reflected in ongoing struggles for land rights, cultural preservation, and social justice.