The historical significance of the Second Industrial Revolution, which occurred between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, lies in its transformation of economic and social structures. This period was characterized by rapid advancements in technology, including the use of electricity, the development of the internal combustion engine, and the expansion of steel production. These innovations drove mass production and improved transportation, particularly through railroads and automobiles, enhancing trade and connectivity. Additionally, the Second Industrial Revolution contributed to urbanization and changed labor conditions, influencing socio-economic disparities and leading to labor movements that sought rights and protections for workers.