The historical significance of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 was that it marked the beginning of the Bolshevik regime and the establishment of the Soviet state. Led by Vladimir Lenin, the revolution dismantled the provisional government, promoting Marxist principles and calling for a "dictatorship of the proletariat." This event fundamentally altered the political landscape, not only in Russia but also globally, inspiring socialist movements and establishing the first major communist state. The ideological struggle between capitalism and communism that followed significantly shaped 20th-century geopolitical dynamics, culminating in the Cold War and influencing international relations for decades.