The historical impact of the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, was transformative for Europe and the world. It revolutionized the way information was disseminated, making books more accessible and affordable, which significantly increased literacy rates. The printing press facilitated the spread of new ideas during the Renaissance and the Reformation, allowing thinkers like Martin Luther to challenge religious and political norms. It also led to the standardization of texts, fostering the development of vernacular languages and literacy. Overall, the printing press played a crucial role in shaping modern society by promoting intellectual exchange and fostering democratic ideals.