The historical impact of the Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, was profound, transforming economies, societies, and cultures worldwide. Initiated in Britain, it marked the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized, urbanized societies, leading to significant technological advancements, such as the steam engine and mechanized production. The revolution brought about changes in labor patterns, with many people moving to cities for factory jobs, leading to urban growth and new social classes. While it increased productivity and improved living standards for some, it also resulted in harsh working conditions, environmental degradation, and social upheaval, laying the groundwork for future labor movements and reforms.