"The Great Leap Forward," initiated by Mao Zedong in 1958, aimed to rapidly transform China from an agrarian society into a socialist society through industrialization and collectivization. The campaign sought to increase agricultural and industrial production by establishing communes and mobilizing the workforce. However, it resulted in disastrous consequences, including widespread famine, mismanagement of resources, and economic decline, leading to the deaths of millions. The historical background reflects Mao's push for revolutionary zeal and collectivist ideology, as he aimed to surpass Western industrial powers while consolidating his control over the Communist Party. The failure significantly influenced China's later economic policies.