The hierarchical societal structure of ancient Rome was known as the Roman class system, which included distinct social classes such as patricians (aristocracy), plebeians (commoners), and slaves. This stratification influenced rights, privileges, and access to resources, with patricians possessing significant power while plebeians fought for political representation. The class dynamics contributed to political conflicts, notably the Conflict of the Orders, highlighting the struggles for equity within Roman society. This system was integral to the functioning of Roman governance and culture.