The focal point of the European Enlightenment was the emphasis on reason, science, and individual rights. Philosophers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged traditional authority and advocated for civil liberties, democracy, and the separation of Church and State. The Enlightenment fostered critical thinking and questioned established norms, leading to significant advancements in fields like philosophy, political theory, and science. Its ideas laid the intellectual groundwork for revolutions, such as the American and French Revolutions, which ultimately transformed political landscapes across Europe and the Americas.