The driving ideology behind the establishment of Communism in Russia was based on the theories of Marxism, which aimed to create a classless society through collective ownership of the means of production. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, believed that a proletarian revolution would dismantle the exploitative capitalist system. This ideology sought to address social inequalities and promote worker solidarity. Following the October Revolution of 1917, Communism became the cornerstone of the new Soviet state, fundamentally altering Russian society and influencing global politics throughout the 20th century.