The dramatic cultural movement in Europe during the 14th to 17th centuries is known as the Renaissance. This period marked a profound transformation in art, literature, science, and human thought, characterized by a revival of interest in the classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, along with thinkers like Erasmus and Machiavelli, pushed boundaries in their respective fields, emphasizing humanism and individual potential. The invention of the printing press further facilitated the spread of knowledge and ideas, helping to propel the movement. The Renaissance laid the groundwork for the modern age, influencing everything from philosophy to political thought.