The cultural significance of the Harlem Renaissance in American literature lies in its celebration and affirmation of African American culture and identity during the 1920s. This literary and artistic movement blossomed in Harlem, New York, showcasing talent through poetry, prose, and jazz. Prominent figures like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston explored themes of racial pride, social justice, and the complexities of the Black experience. This period helped to redefine American literature by introducing new voices and perspectives, challenging prevailing stereotypes and fostering a greater appreciation for Black artistic contributions.