The cultural impact of the Renaissance on European literature was profound, as it marked a revival of classical learning and a shift towards humanism. Writers like Dante, Petrarch, and later Shakespeare embraced themes centered on individual experience, emotion, and the complexities of human nature, distinguishing their works from the medieval focus on religious subjects. The invention of the printing press enabled the widespread distribution of literature, fostering literacy and allowing for the exchange of ideas. Renaissance literature explored a variety of genres and styles, encouraging experimentation and creativity. This period laid the groundwork for modern literature by emphasizing the value of personal perspective and the human experience.