The cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was rooted in a combination of social, economic, and political factors. The French society was structured in a rigid hierarchical system, known as the Estates system, which created resentment among the Third Estate (commoners). Economic troubles—exacerbated by food shortages, high taxes, and national debt—led to widespread discontent. Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty, equality, and fraternity inspired the populace to question authority and seek reform. The summoning of the Estates-General in 1789 further ignited tensions, culminating in the Revolution as people demanded political change and rights.