The economic crisis in 1929 known as the Great Depression was primarily caused by a combination of factors including stock market speculation, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending. The significant stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, triggered a wave of panic and led to massive financial losses. Subsequently, banks collapsed, eroding public trust and leading to widespread bankruptcies. Agricultural overproduction, falling commodity prices, and international trade barriers further exacerbated the situation. The Great Depression led to severe unemployment, widespread poverty, and profound social challenges, reshaping government policies and economic systems worldwide in its aftermath.