The Anglo-Zulu War, which took place in 1879, was primarily caused by British expansionist policies in southern Africa. The immediate trigger was the British government’s desire to consolidate control over the region, leading to tensions with the Zulu Kingdom. The British sought to annex Zulu territory following conflicts over land and resources, as well as the Zulu King Cetshwayo's refusal to comply with British demands. This culminated in the British declaring war on the Zulus, believing their military superiority would lead to a swift victory. However, the Zulu's initial resistance surprised the British forces, resulting in a prolonged conflict.