The cause and effect of the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South were rooted in both push and pull factors. Pushed by oppressive conditions, including racial discrimination, economic hardship, and Jim Crow laws, many African Americans sought better opportunities in Northern cities such as Chicago and Detroit. The pull factors included the promise of jobs in industrial sectors and the potential for a more equitable societal environment. This migration led to the transformation of urban landscapes, the rise of predominantly African American communities, and significant cultural contributions, notably in the Harlem Renaissance.