The ancient Greek city-state synonymous with democracy is Athens. Established around the 5th century BCE, Athens developed the first known form of direct democratic governance, where citizens participated in decision-making through assemblies and councils. Athenian democracy allowed free males, excluding women and slaves, to vote on laws and policies, shaping political philosophy and influencing future democratic systems worldwide. The legacy of Athenian democracy continues to inspire modern democratic ideals and practices, highlighting the importance of citizen engagement in governance.