One significant impact of the Reformation on European society was the challenge to the authority of the Catholic Church. Martin Luther's 95 Theses and subsequent writings ignited widespread questioning of church practices, particularly the selling of indulgences and clerical corruption. This led to the establishment of Protestant denominations, reducing the Catholic Church's influence and promoting individual interpretation of scripture. The Reformation encouraged literacy and education as people sought to read the Bible themselves. Additionally, it sparked religious conflicts such as the Thirty Years' War, which reshaped Europe’s political boundaries and societal norms, ultimately contributing to the rise of modern secularism.