A primary factor that motivated European powers' colonization of Africa was the desire for resources and economic exploitation. During the late 19th century, the Industrial Revolution in Europe created an insatiable demand for raw materials like rubber, minerals, and agricultural products. Additionally, the competition among European nations for global dominance led to the "Scramble for Africa," where countries sought to expand their territories and influence. Humanitarian rhetoric often masked the exploitation and control of local populations, while colonial powers justified their actions through notions of racial superiority. This aggressive colonization had lasting effects, including deep social, economic, and political repercussions in African nations.