The Industrial Revolution dramatically transformed European society, initiating profound changes in economic, social, and cultural dynamics. A direct outcome was the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized urban centers, with many people moving to cities in search of factory jobs. This urbanization led to new social classes, including a burgeoning industrial working class and a wealthy capitalist class. The era also spurred technological innovations, enhancing productivity but often resulting in harsh working conditions. Furthermore, it catalyzed changes in lifestyles, education, and even gender roles, setting the stage for modern societal structures and labor rights movements that followed.