Ancient Rome adopted a unique form of government called a republic, which significantly influenced the modern world. Established in 509 BC, the Roman Republic featured a system of elected representatives and a complex constitution designed to balance the power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This mixed government, characterized by the Senate, assemblies, and magistrates, allowed citizens to vote for their leaders. The republican principles of civic participation and checks and balances inspired many democratic systems worldwide. The legacy of Roman political ideas continues to be relevant in contemporary governance and civic life.