What treaty formalized the end of hostilities in the Thirty Years' War in 1648? 🔊
The treaty that formalized the end of hostilities in the Thirty Years' War in 1648 is the Peace of Westphalia. This series of treaties, signed in the cities of Münster and Osnabrück, consisted of agreements among the Holy Roman Empire, France, Sweden, and various German states. The Peace of Westphalia is often viewed as the beginning of the modern international system of sovereign states, as it established the principles of state sovereignty and non-interference in domestic affairs. The treaties resolved contentious territorial and religious disputes that had contributed to the lengthy conflict, promoting a new order in Europe.
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