The treaty that effectively ended Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), signed in 1987. This pivotal agreement was reached during the Reagan-Gorbachev era, marking a significant breakthrough in arms control. It aimed to eliminate the two countries' stockpiles of intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles, thus easing fears of nuclear conflict in Europe. The treaty symbolized a thawing of relations and showcased both leaders’ commitment to reducing the nuclear threat. Its successful implementation helped pave the way for subsequent arms reduction agreements and contributed to the eventual end of the Cold War.