The growth of abolition movements in the 19th century was sparked by a combination of moral, religious, and economic factors. The Second Great Awakening, a religious revival movement, emphasized individual conscience and prompted many, particularly in the northern United States, to view slavery as a profound moral evil. Prominent abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Harriet Tubman became influential voices that galvanized public opinion against slavery. The publication of anti-slavery literature and the formation of advocacy groups further propelled the movement, leading to increased awareness and activism that ultimately contributed to the Civil War and the abolition of slavery.