The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, was a significant treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe. This conflict had devastated much of Central Europe, leading to immense loss of life and economic disruption. The treaty established principles of national sovereignty, recognizing the rights of states to govern themselves without external interference, thereby laying the groundwork for the modern system of nation-states. It also included territorial adjustments and a framework for resolving future conflicts diplomatically. The Peace of Westphalia marked a milestone in international law and relations, influencing the political landscape of Europe for centuries to come.