Significant innovations during the Age of Enlightenment in Europe included advancements in philosophy, science, and political thought. Philosophers like John Locke and Voltaire championed ideas of reason, individual rights, and empirical evidence, challenging traditional norms and authority. In science, figures like Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei made groundbreaking discoveries that laid the foundations for modern scientific inquiry. Additionally, the Enlightenment spurred developments in literature, education, and governance, fostering ideas of democracy and human rights that significantly influenced modern political landscapes and laid the groundwork for revolutions across the globe.