The term "Industrial Revolution" describes a major period of transformation that began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century, primarily in Britain. It marked the transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, characterized by the development of machinery, factories, and mass production techniques. This revolution led to significant social, economic, and technological changes, including urbanization as people moved to cities for factory jobs. It also triggered advancements in transportation, such as railways and steamships, ultimately reshaping global trade and influencing labor movements and economic theories.