Archaeologists made a significant discovery regarding the Indus Valley Civilization by unearthing urban planning and advanced infrastructure, highlighting sophisticated city layouts, drainage systems, and standardized brick sizes in sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. This evidence demonstrated that the civilization, which thrived around 2500 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, possessed an advanced socio-economic system and urban culture. The findings indicate a high level of organization and governance, as well as trade networks and agricultural practices. However, the cause of its decline remains a subject of scholarly debate, indicating gaps in our understanding of this ancient civilization.