Significant advancements that occurred during the Golden Age of Islam, roughly from the 8th to the 14th century, included groundbreaking contributions in various fields such as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and philosophy. Scholars like Al-Khwarizmi advanced algebra, while Avicenna made essential contributions to medicine with his work in "The Canon of Medicine." Islamic academies and libraries preserved and expanded knowledge, translating works from ancient Greece, India, and Persia. The era fostered cultural exchanges, resulting in innovations such as improved navigational tools, the development of the scientific method, and advancements in architecture, influencing later European scientific thought.